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Doing some background research as I'm writing about my Jewish ancestors in Poland, and bumping into a series of figures in both Internationalist and Zionist traditions, all no doubt shaped by the traumas of Russian Empire pogroms as well as the Nazi genocide…
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I grew up reading the rationalist lessons drawn by Charles K Bliss about both Soviet and Nazi propaganda, which led him to try to make a universal language of simple recognizable symbols. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blissymbols Bliss was imprisoned in both Buchenwald and the Shanghai Ghetto.
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Białystok, closer to my family's path, was the home of L. L. Zamenhof, the Polish-Jewish inventor of Esperanto. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._L._Zamenhof
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Meanwhile, Avraham Stern of the infamous Zionist Stern Gang/LEHI was from Suwalki, like my great grandparents. kehilalinks.jewishgen.org/suwalki/history.htm
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And before becoming theoretical reference point for Revisionist Zionism, Ze'ev Jabotinsky helped expose Russian organization of the Bialystok Pogrom en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_pogrom
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One key takeaway, by centering our story of Jewish trauma (from which universalism and Zionism were two natural responses) on the Nazi regime, we're understating the degree to which mid-century Jews were reacting not just to the Shoah, but to Russian antisemitism.
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The fact that enduring ultraviolence can be linked biographically to an uncompromising willingness to inflict it should encourage us to read Hamas founder al-Rantisi's biography more compassionately. palestinechronicle.com/khan-yunis-rememberingthe-forgotten-palestinian-massacre/