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The controversy over Basilio Titi's November 9 death in Potosí is mirrored by that of Chiquitano elder Lino Peña Vaca, who died July 31 after severe injuries on July 5.
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Peña Vaca was involved in a clash between his Chiquitano community Ebenezer and an Intercultural (i.e., agricultural colonist) community, Jerusalén III. Their battle was over land rights, causing severe frustration with the INRA land titling agency. eldeber.com.bo/santa-cruz/hieren-a-dos-chiquitanos-que-defendian-sus-predios-de-un-asentamiento-de-interculturales-piden-a-la-_238343
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Chiquitano claims stretch back twenty years. They sought INRA permission to the land in 2016, but were given other lads in 2018, while the interculturales had the land titled as Jerusalén III, per their leader: eldeber.com.bo/santa-cruz/el-conflicto-por-la-tierra-en-san-ignacio-cobra-su-primera-victima-muere-el-chiquitano-que-fue-agred_241403
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A confrontation on the matter broke out on July 5 during which Peña Vaca was severly injured, including with broken ribs and a broken nose. He eventually died of septic shock, severe pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis. All sides agree on that.
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However, his cause of death is disputed: his community, including leader Dino Franco assert that he died of complications of his injuries, while the death certificate indicates his respiratory maladies were due to COVID-19. eldeber.com.bo/santa-cruz/ministerio-de-gobierno-dice-que-muerte-de-lino-pena-fue-por-covid-y-no-a-causa-de-enfrentamiento-con_241437
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Again, we have a conflict-related death where the direct connection between violence and death are in dispute, and where the death certificate itself has been dragged into the dispute. la-razon.com/nacional/2021/08/02/el-inra-dice-que-hay-una-intencion-maliciosa-de-atribuirle-la-muerte-de-un-indigena/ ahoraelpueblo.bo/aclaran-que-el-indigena-lino-pena-perdio-la-vida-por-causa-del-covid-19/
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Lino Peña Vaca was honored by his community with a land boundary marker in his name on September 1. eldeber.com.bo/santa-cruz/indigenas-y-civicos-recuerdan-a-lino-pena-y-asientan-un-mojon-por-la-defensa-de-la-tierra_245456