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So, Federal anti-Asian legislation effectively began by stereotyping Chinese women as prostitutes. history.com/news/chinese-immigration-page-act-women en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_Act_of_1875Permalink On twitter.com
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"I invite the attention of Congress to another, though perhaps no less an evil--the importation of Chinese women, but few of whom are brought to our shores to pursue honorable or useful occupations." Ulysses S. GrantPermalink On twitter.com
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Since every woman was seen as a potential prostitute, she had to pay a fee and submit to questioning on her moral character.Permalink On twitter.com
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Ruling class circles were conscious that this served to prevent the formation of Chinese families in America. And Chinese men were banned from marrying interracially. Quote found by Catherine Lee catherineylee.com/wp-content/uploads/sociological-forum-where-the-danger-lies.pdfPermalink On twitter.com
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“If they would never bring their women here and never multiply and we would never have more than we could make useful, their presence would always be an advantage to the State…Permalink On twitter.com
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When the Chinaman comes here and don’t bring his wife here, sooner or later he dies like a worn out steam engine; he is simply a machine, and don’t leave two or three or half dozen children to fill his place.” —Federal Judge Lorenzo SawyerPermalink On twitter.com
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Lee notes, ”As a federal district judge,Sawyer actually ruled many times in favor of Chinese immigrants and was lambasted for being a *friend* of the Chinese.”Permalink On twitter.com
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The policy was enacted consistently by all US consuls during the seven years until Chinese immigration was banned altogether by the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, finds George Anthony Peffer. jstor.org/stable/27500484On twitter.com
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Already in 1879, US president Rutherford B. Hayes was demanding more sweeping legislation against a "Chinese invasion."Permalink On twitter.com
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Hayes: The “present Chinese invasion … is pernicious and should be discouraged. Our experience in dealing with the weaker races—the Negroes and the Indians…—is not encouraging. I would consider with favor any suitable measures to discourage the Chinese from coming.”Permalink On twitter.com