CarwilBJ's avatarCarwilBJ's Twitter Archive—№ 19,934

                          1. Dr @rickwasmith is at @VandyAnthro to talk about the epi/genetic signatures of conquest and colonization.
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                          Smith a co-author in proof of concept demonstration that epigenetic changes (cytosine methylation) can be found in ancient DNA in 2015. journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0125344
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                        The Wari Empire of the Peruvian Andes proves site for project studying epigenome and its relation to violence. Extreme changes in violence as evidenced by cranial trauma.
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                      Quantitative work on violence in Wari is from Vanderbilt bioarchaeologist Tiffiny Tung sciencemag.org/news/2016/08/waris-grisly-end-fall-south-american-empire onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajpa.20565
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                    Smith's Wari study shows major decline in LINE-1 methylation over the Wari errors, the expected response to worsening diet and increasing violence. meeting.physanth.org/program/2018/session33/smith-2018-line-1-methylation-in-ancient-dna-reflects-sociopolitical-transformation-in-peru.html
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                  Future sites for genetic, epigenetic study: Teotihuacan, Caracol.
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                Meanwhile, a new study (2017–) of epigenetic of the effects of the Trail of Tears forced removal on descendant populations.
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              Initial results of Epigenome Wide Association Study... Removed/Non-removed populations don't cluster. But clusters of epigenome in local communities even when genetically dissimilar.
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            And... 200+ regions of epigenome significantly impacted by removal.
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          Smith: "rampant misappropriation of indigenous identity" via genetic claims in ignorance of tribal belonging, indigenous culture.
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        An example: Self-proclaimed Mikinak Aboriginal community made up of genetic ancestry tested member with no indigenous community ties. cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/mikinak-tax-fraud-kahnawake-mohawk-1.3678804
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      Blood banks as a site for blood quantum-labeled blood banks. Generally scientific work has preferentially consumed "pure blood" samples as representative of what indigeneity is.
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    Data from the re-study finds much more genetically diverse indigenous populations and presence of non-indigenous ancestry.
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